商(shang)(shang)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)爐(lu)做為新一(yi)(yi)代的烹飪工具，分為多種類型(xing)的產(chan)品，包(bao)括商(shang)(shang)用(yong)(yong)大(da)炒爐(lu)、酒店小炒爐(lu)、大(da)功率煲湯爐(lu)、電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)煮面爐(lu)、電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)煲仔(zi)爐(lu)、電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)腸粉爐(lu)、電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)蒸包(bao)爐(lu)、電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)煎扒爐(lu)、電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)油炸爐(lu)等廚(chu)房設(she)備。為大(da)家介紹六種調(diao)試商(shang)(shang)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)爐(lu)功率的方法(fa)，一(yi)(yi)起來了解一(yi)(yi)下(xia)吧(ba)。

一、 變壓(ya)器初級抽頭切換、調(diao)頻、調(diao)壓(ya)法

通過切換商用電(dian)磁(ci)爐變壓(ya)器(qi)的初(chu)級抽頭獲得大(da)、中、小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)。由于使用了脈沖(chong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)輸出變壓(ya)器(qi)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)輸出級與負載匹配(pei)良好(hao)。功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)級可以在(zai)(zai)(zai)良好(hao)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)工(gong)作(zuo)。大(da)、中、小(xiao)檔位(wei)采(cai)用頻(pin)率(lv)跟蹤(zong)法，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)管在(zai)(zai)(zai)零(ling)電(dian)壓(ya)開關(guan)(guan)和零(ling)電(dian)流(liu)開關(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)態。在(zai)(zai)(zai)小(xiao)檔到中檔、中檔到大(da)檔的功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)調(diao)節(jie)范(fan)(fan)圍內(nei)，通過微調(diao)激勵脈沖(chong)頻(pin)率(lv)來連續調(diao)節(jie)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)。此時功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)管工(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)零(ling)電(dian)壓(ya)開關(guan)(guan)，零(ling)電(dian)流(liu)導通，接近零(ling)電(dian)流(liu)關(guan)(guan)斷狀(zhuang)態。在(zai)(zai)(zai)小(xiao)檔位(wei)到零(ling)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)范(fan)(fan)圍內(nei)，采(cai)用調(diao)頻(pin)方式會破壞功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)管的零(ling)電(dian)壓(ya)開關(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)態。

　　這種(zhong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)方(fang)法相對復(fu)雜且(qie)成本高。其突出優點是功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)范圍寬，功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸出級與(yu)負載匹配(pei)性好，商用電磁爐(lu)在8kW功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)下散熱器(qi)溫升小(xiao)于(yu)6(測(ce)試于(yu)25)。

二、調頻方法

這種方法的優(you)點是電路簡單，但商用(yong)電磁爐輸(shu)出功(gong)(gong)率大(da)時，電流(liu)相位滯后于電壓相位，大(da)電流(liu)狀態下關斷時，功(gong)(gong)率管消耗很大(da)。因(yin)此(ci)即使散熱(re)器上(shang)的溫升沒(mei)有顯(xian)著(zhu)增加，芯片也(ye)可(ke)能過熱(re)并損壞ICBT電源模塊。因(yin)此(ci)在8kW以上(shang)的功(gong)(gong)率時不宜采用(yong)該方法調功(gong)(gong)。

三、 改變整流(liu)電(dian)壓法

將三相整(zheng)(zheng)流模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)改(gai)(gai)為可控(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)流模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)，通過控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為0~10V的(de)可控(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)流模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)改(gai)(gai)變整(zheng)(zheng)流后的(de)DC輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓來改(gai)(gai)變商用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率，在額(e)定輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下，整(zheng)(zheng)流模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)完全(quan)導通，獲得額(e)定大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率，在非額(e)定大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率下，由于整(zheng)(zheng)流后的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)DC電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降低，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓呈平(ping)方關系下降。這種功(gong)(gong)(gong)率調節方式的(de)優(you)點是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路簡(jian)單，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率調節連(lian)續。頻率跟(gen)蹤可以(yi)在整(zheng)(zheng)個功(gong)(gong)(gong)率調節范圍內(nei)實現。這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)缺點是(shi)可控(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)流模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)沒有完全(quan)導通，存在斬(zhan)波間隙，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼容(rong)指標(biao)影(ying)響(xiang)很大(da)。為了(le)通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼容(rong)指標(biao)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)源濾波器和整(zheng)(zheng)流濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)要求較(jiao)高，而且這部分的(de)元(yuan)器件數量比較(jiao)多(duo)，增加了(le)整(zheng)(zheng)機的(de)尺寸和成本。

四、 移相調脈寬法

如果(guo)變(bian)壓器沒有(you)(you)抽頭，則它(ta)僅(jin)用(yong)(yong)于將(jiang)感應線圈與主電(dian)源(yuan)隔(ge)離并(bing)匹配負載。作用(yong)(yong)T1和T2為左橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)，T3和T4為右橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)。T1和T2的激勵(li)脈(mo)沖被反轉(zhuan)，并(bing)且具(ju)有(you)(you)足夠的死區時間來(lai)確保T1和T2不產(chan)生公共導通。類似T3和T4的激勵(li)脈(mo)沖被反轉(zhuan)并(bing)且具(ju)有(you)(you)足夠的死區時間。當左右橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)的激勵(li)脈(mo)沖相(xiang)位差從180變(bian)為0時，商用(yong)(yong)電(dian)磁爐的功率(lv)(lv)從大值到小值連(lian)續(xu)平滑變(bian)化，半(ban)橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)的功率(lv)(lv)管(guan)(guan)實(shi)現零電(dian)壓切換。此外橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)另一半(ban)的功率(lv)(lv)管(guan)(guan)實(shi)現零電(dian)流開關。實(shi)際使用(yong)(yong)移(yi)相(xiang)脈(mo)寬(kuan)調(diao)(diao)制法時，由于省略了(le)補償電(dian)感，商用(yong)(yong)電(dian)磁爐功率(lv)(lv)小時橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)前的零電(dian)壓開關會錯(cuo)位，所以功率(lv)(lv)低(di)時采(cai)用(yong)(yong)間隙加熱法調(diao)(diao)節功率(lv)(lv)。

移相脈寬調制法的(de)缺點是(shi)IGBT管(guan)中有大電流通過(guo)續流二極管(guan)，功率管(guan)的(de)工作狀態不如上(shang)述變壓器(qi)抽頭法。它(ta)的(de)優(you)點是(shi)可以連續調節功率，省去了三個交(jiao)流接觸器(qi)。

五、 脈沖(chong)功率輸出變壓器(qi)初級(ji)抽(chou)頭切換法(fa)

控制電路可以(yi)分別(bie)接(jie)通三個交流(liu)接(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)的(de)常(chang)開觸點J1-1、J2-1，接(jie)通脈(mo)沖功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸(shu)出變壓器(qi)(qi)的(de)一(yi)次抽(chou)頭，分別(bie)獲(huo)得大、中、小、三檔的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)。由于接(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)的(de)存在，這種功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)調(diao)節方式的(de)機芯(xin)體(ti)積龐大。小心(xin)打開和關閉接(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)時(shi)，需要(yao)首先(xian)關閉激勵脈(mo)沖，以(yi)便在功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸(shu)出級沒有電流(liu)時(shi)可以(yi)切(qie)換。

六、 間隙加熱法

向間(jian)隙施加(jia)激(ji)勵脈(mo)沖，使商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐間(jian)歇加(jia)熱，控制間(jian)歇加(jia)熱時間(jian)間(jian)隔，調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐功率(lv)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)路簡單，但通斷(duan)時有電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)噪聲，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)源有電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)沖擊。使用(yong)這(zhe)種功率(lv)調(diao)節方法(fa)時，要注意電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為零時激(ji)勵脈(mo)沖的關斷(duan)，否則關斷(duan)時鍋底(di)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)噪聲會比較大。

以上(shang)就是六種調試商(shang)用(yong)電(dian)磁爐功率的(de)方法,該設備適用(yong)于(yu)餐飲行業、廠礦院校、機(ji)關團體、軍警部隊等(deng)企(qi)事(shi)業單位的(de)廚房。

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