商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)爐(lu)(lu)做(zuo)為(wei)新一代的烹(peng)飪工具，分為(wei)多種(zhong)類型(xing)的產品(pin)，包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)商用(yong)大炒爐(lu)(lu)、酒店小炒爐(lu)(lu)、大功率(lv)煲湯爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)煮面(mian)爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)煲仔爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)腸粉爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)蒸包(bao)(bao)爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)煎扒(ba)爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)油炸(zha)爐(lu)(lu)等廚房設(she)備(bei)。為(wei)大家介紹六(liu)種(zhong)調試商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)爐(lu)(lu)功率(lv)的方法，一起來了解一下(xia)吧(ba)。

一(yi)、 變壓(ya)器(qi)初級抽頭切換、調頻、調壓(ya)法

通過切(qie)換商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁爐變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)初(chu)級抽(chou)頭獲(huo)得大(da)、中(zhong)、小(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)。由于使用(yong)了脈沖功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)輸出(chu)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)，功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)輸出(chu)級與負載匹配良(liang)好。功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)級可以在(zai)良(liang)好狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)下工(gong)作。大(da)、中(zhong)、小(xiao)(xiao)檔(dang)位(wei)采(cai)用(yong)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)跟蹤法，功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開關(guan)和零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)開關(guan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)。在(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)檔(dang)到中(zhong)檔(dang)、中(zhong)檔(dang)到大(da)檔(dang)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)調(diao)節(jie)范圍(wei)(wei)內，通過微調(diao)激勵脈沖頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)來(lai)連(lian)續調(diao)節(jie)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)。此時(shi)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)作在(zai)零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開關(guan)，零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)導通，接近零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)關(guan)斷狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)。在(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)檔(dang)位(wei)到零(ling)(ling)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)范圍(wei)(wei)內，采(cai)用(yong)調(diao)頻(pin)方(fang)式會(hui)破(po)壞(huai)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開關(guan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)。

　　這種(zhong)功率(lv)(lv)調(diao)節(jie)方法相對復雜且成本(ben)高。其突出優(you)點是功率(lv)(lv)調(diao)節(jie)范(fan)圍(wei)寬，功率(lv)(lv)輸出級與負載匹配(pei)性好，商用電磁爐在(zai)8kW功率(lv)(lv)下散熱器(qi)溫升小于6(測試于25)。

二、調頻方法

這種方法的(de)優(you)點是(shi)電路簡(jian)單，但商用(yong)電磁爐輸出功(gong)(gong)率(lv)大時(shi)，電流相位滯后于(yu)電壓相位，大電流狀態下關斷時(shi)，功(gong)(gong)率(lv)管消(xiao)耗很(hen)大。因此即使散(san)熱器上(shang)的(de)溫升沒有顯著增加，芯片也(ye)可(ke)能過熱并損壞ICBT電源模塊。因此在(zai)8kW以上(shang)的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)時(shi)不宜(yi)采用(yong)該方法調功(gong)(gong)。

三、 改變整(zheng)流電壓法

將三相整(zheng)流(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)改為可控整(zheng)流(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)，通(tong)過(guo)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為0~10V的(de)(de)(de)可控整(zheng)流(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)改變(bian)整(zheng)流(liu)后的(de)(de)(de)DC輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓來改變(bian)商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)功率(lv)(lv)，在(zai)(zai)額(e)定輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下，整(zheng)流(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)完(wan)全導通(tong)，獲(huo)得額(e)定大功率(lv)(lv)，在(zai)(zai)非額(e)定大功率(lv)(lv)下，由于(yu)整(zheng)流(liu)后的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)DC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降低，功率(lv)(lv)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓呈平(ping)方關系下降。這種功率(lv)(lv)調(diao)節(jie)方式的(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)簡單(dan)，功率(lv)(lv)調(diao)節(jie)連續。頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)跟蹤可以在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個功率(lv)(lv)調(diao)節(jie)范圍內實現。這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)缺點(dian)是(shi)可控整(zheng)流(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)沒有完(wan)全導通(tong)，存在(zai)(zai)斬(zhan)波間隙，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼(jian)容(rong)指(zhi)標(biao)影響很大。為了(le)通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼(jian)容(rong)指(zhi)標(biao)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源濾波器(qi)和整(zheng)流(liu)濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)要求較(jiao)高，而且這部分的(de)(de)(de)元器(qi)件(jian)數量比較(jiao)多，增加了(le)整(zheng)機的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)和成本。

四、 移相調脈寬法

如果變壓(ya)器沒有抽(chou)頭，則它僅用(yong)于將感應線(xian)圈與(yu)主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源隔離并(bing)匹配(pei)負載。作用(yong)T1和(he)T2為(wei)(wei)左橋臂，T3和(he)T4為(wei)(wei)右橋臂。T1和(he)T2的(de)(de)激勵(li)(li)脈沖(chong)被反轉(zhuan)，并(bing)且(qie)具(ju)有足夠的(de)(de)死區時(shi)(shi)間來確保T1和(he)T2不產生(sheng)公共(gong)導通(tong)。類似(si)T3和(he)T4的(de)(de)激勵(li)(li)脈沖(chong)被反轉(zhuan)并(bing)且(qie)具(ju)有足夠的(de)(de)死區時(shi)(shi)間。當左右橋臂的(de)(de)激勵(li)(li)脈沖(chong)相位差從180變為(wei)(wei)0時(shi)(shi)，商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐(lu)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)從大值(zhi)到(dao)小(xiao)值(zhi)連續平(ping)滑(hua)變化，半(ban)橋臂的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)管(guan)實(shi)現零電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)切換。此外橋臂另(ling)一半(ban)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)管(guan)實(shi)現零電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)開關(guan)。實(shi)際使用(yong)移相脈寬調制(zhi)法時(shi)(shi)，由于省略了補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)感，商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐(lu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)橋臂前的(de)(de)零電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)開關(guan)會錯位，所以功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)低時(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)間隙(xi)加熱法調節(jie)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)。

移相脈寬調(diao)制法的(de)缺點(dian)(dian)是IGBT管中有(you)大電(dian)流(liu)(liu)通過(guo)續流(liu)(liu)二極管，功率管的(de)工作狀態不如上述變壓器抽頭法。它的(de)優點(dian)(dian)是可以(yi)連續調(diao)節功率，省去了三個交流(liu)(liu)接觸器。

五(wu)、 脈(mo)沖功率(lv)輸出變壓器初級(ji)抽頭(tou)切換(huan)法(fa)

控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)路可(ke)以(yi)(yi)分(fen)別接(jie)(jie)通三(san)個(ge)交流接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)器的常開觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)J1-1、J2-1，接(jie)(jie)通脈(mo)沖功(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸出(chu)(chu)變壓器的一次抽頭，分(fen)別獲得大(da)、中(zhong)、小(xiao)、三(san)檔的功(gong)率(lv)(lv)。由(you)于接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)器的存在，這種功(gong)率(lv)(lv)調節(jie)方式的機芯(xin)體積龐(pang)大(da)。小(xiao)心打開和關閉接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)器時，需要首(shou)先關閉激勵脈(mo)沖，以(yi)(yi)便在功(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸出(chu)(chu)級沒有電(dian)(dian)流時可(ke)以(yi)(yi)切(qie)換。

六、 間隙加熱法

向間(jian)隙(xi)施加(jia)激勵脈(mo)沖，使(shi)商用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁爐(lu)間(jian)歇加(jia)熱，控制間(jian)歇加(jia)熱時(shi)間(jian)間(jian)隔，調(diao)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)磁爐(lu)功(gong)(gong)率。電(dian)(dian)路簡單，但通(tong)斷(duan)(duan)時(shi)有電(dian)(dian)磁噪聲，對電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)有電(dian)(dian)流(liu)沖擊。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)這種功(gong)(gong)率調(diao)節(jie)方法時(shi)，要注意電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)零(ling)時(shi)激勵脈(mo)沖的關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)，否則關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)時(shi)鍋底的電(dian)(dian)磁噪聲會比較(jiao)大。

以(yi)上就是六種調試商(shang)用電磁爐(lu)功率的方法,該(gai)設(she)備適用于餐飲(yin)行業、廠礦院校、機(ji)關(guan)團體、軍警部隊(dui)等企事業單(dan)位的廚房(fang)。

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