商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐(lu)(lu)做(zuo)為(wei)新(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)的(de)(de)烹飪(ren)工具，分為(wei)多(duo)種(zhong)類型的(de)(de)產品，包括商用(yong)大炒爐(lu)(lu)、酒店小炒爐(lu)(lu)、大功率煲湯爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)煮面(mian)爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)煲仔爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)腸粉爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)蒸包爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)煎扒爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)油炸爐(lu)(lu)等廚房設備(bei)。為(wei)大家(jia)介紹六(liu)種(zhong)調試商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐(lu)(lu)功率的(de)(de)方(fang)法，一(yi)(yi)(yi)起來(lai)了解一(yi)(yi)(yi)下吧。

一、 變(bian)壓器(qi)初級抽頭切換、調(diao)頻、調(diao)壓法

通過(guo)切換商用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的初級抽(chou)頭獲(huo)得大(da)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。由于使用(yong)(yong)了脈沖功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)輸出變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)輸出級與負載匹配良好。功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)級可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)良好狀(zhuang)態下工作(zuo)。大(da)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小(xiao)檔(dang)(dang)位(wei)采用(yong)(yong)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)跟蹤法(fa)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)關和(he)零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)開(kai)關狀(zhuang)態。在(zai)(zai)(zai)小(xiao)檔(dang)(dang)到中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檔(dang)(dang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檔(dang)(dang)到大(da)檔(dang)(dang)的功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)調節范圍內，通過(guo)微調激勵脈沖頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)來連(lian)續調節功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。此時功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)管(guan)(guan)工作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)關，零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)導通，接近零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)關斷狀(zhuang)態。在(zai)(zai)(zai)小(xiao)檔(dang)(dang)位(wei)到零(ling)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)范圍內，采用(yong)(yong)調頻(pin)方(fang)式會破壞功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)管(guan)(guan)的零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)關狀(zhuang)態。

　　這種(zhong)功率(lv)調節方法(fa)相(xiang)對復雜且成本高。其突(tu)出(chu)優(you)點(dian)是(shi)功率(lv)調節范圍寬，功率(lv)輸出(chu)級與(yu)負載匹配性好，商(shang)用電磁(ci)爐在8kW功率(lv)下散熱器溫升小于(yu)6(測試于(yu)25)。

二、調頻方法

這種(zhong)方法(fa)的優點是電(dian)路簡(jian)單，但商(shang)用電(dian)磁爐輸出功(gong)率(lv)(lv)大(da)時(shi)，電(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)位滯后于電(dian)壓相(xiang)位，大(da)電(dian)流(liu)狀態下關斷時(shi)，功(gong)率(lv)(lv)管(guan)消耗很大(da)。因(yin)此即使散(san)熱器上(shang)的溫升沒有顯著增加(jia)，芯片也可能過熱并損壞ICBT電(dian)源模塊(kuai)。因(yin)此在8kW以上(shang)的功(gong)率(lv)(lv)時(shi)不宜采用該方法(fa)調功(gong)。

三(san)、 改變(bian)整流電(dian)壓(ya)法

將三相(xiang)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)改(gai)為可(ke)控整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)，通(tong)(tong)過控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為0~10V的(de)可(ke)控整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)改(gai)變整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)后(hou)的(de)DC輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)來改(gai)變商用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)率，在(zai)(zai)額定(ding)輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)，整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)完(wan)全導通(tong)(tong)，獲得額定(ding)大(da)功(gong)(gong)率，在(zai)(zai)非額定(ding)大(da)功(gong)(gong)率下(xia)，由于整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)后(hou)的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)DC電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降低(di)，功(gong)(gong)率與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)呈平方(fang)關系下(xia)降。這(zhe)種功(gong)(gong)率調節(jie)方(fang)式的(de)優點是電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)簡單(dan)，功(gong)(gong)率調節(jie)連續(xu)。頻率跟蹤可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個功(gong)(gong)率調節(jie)范圍內實現。這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)缺點是可(ke)控整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)沒有完(wan)全導通(tong)(tong)，存在(zai)(zai)斬波間隙(xi)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁兼容(rong)(rong)指標(biao)影響很(hen)大(da)。為了通(tong)(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁兼容(rong)(rong)指標(biao)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)源濾波器(qi)和(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)要求較(jiao)高，而且這(zhe)部分的(de)元(yuan)器(qi)件數量比(bi)較(jiao)多，增加了整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)機的(de)尺寸和(he)成(cheng)本。

四、 移相調脈寬法

如果變壓器沒(mei)有抽(chou)頭，則它僅用(yong)于(yu)(yu)將感應(ying)線圈與主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)源隔(ge)離并(bing)匹配(pei)負載。作(zuo)用(yong)T1和(he)T2為左橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)，T3和(he)T4為右橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)。T1和(he)T2的(de)激(ji)勵(li)脈沖(chong)被(bei)反轉，并(bing)且(qie)具有足夠(gou)的(de)死區時(shi)間來確保T1和(he)T2不產生公共(gong)導通。類似T3和(he)T4的(de)激(ji)勵(li)脈沖(chong)被(bei)反轉并(bing)且(qie)具有足夠(gou)的(de)死區時(shi)間。當左右橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)的(de)激(ji)勵(li)脈沖(chong)相位(wei)差從(cong)180變為0時(shi)，商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)功率(lv)從(cong)大值到小(xiao)值連續平滑變化，半橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)的(de)功率(lv)管(guan)實(shi)現零(ling)電(dian)(dian)壓切(qie)換。此外橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)另一(yi)半的(de)功率(lv)管(guan)實(shi)現零(ling)電(dian)(dian)流開關(guan)(guan)。實(shi)際使用(yong)移相脈寬(kuan)調制法時(shi)，由于(yu)(yu)省略了補償(chang)電(dian)(dian)感，商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐(lu)(lu)功率(lv)小(xiao)時(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)前的(de)零(ling)電(dian)(dian)壓開關(guan)(guan)會錯位(wei)，所以功率(lv)低時(shi)采(cai)用(yong)間隙(xi)加熱法調節功率(lv)。

移相脈寬調制(zhi)法的(de)缺點(dian)(dian)是IGBT管(guan)中(zhong)有(you)大(da)電流通過續(xu)流二極管(guan)，功率管(guan)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)狀態不如(ru)上述變壓器抽頭(tou)法。它的(de)優(you)點(dian)(dian)是可以連續(xu)調節功率，省去了(le)三個交流接觸器。

五、 脈沖功(gong)率輸出變壓器初級抽頭切換(huan)法(fa)

控制電(dian)(dian)路(lu)可以(yi)分別接(jie)(jie)通三(san)個交流(liu)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)的(de)常開(kai)觸(chu)點J1-1、J2-1，接(jie)(jie)通脈(mo)(mo)沖功率(lv)輸出變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)一次抽頭，分別獲得(de)大(da)、中、小(xiao)、三(san)檔的(de)功率(lv)。由(you)于接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)的(de)存(cun)在，這種功率(lv)調節方式的(de)機芯(xin)體積龐(pang)大(da)。小(xiao)心打開(kai)和關閉接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)時，需要首先(xian)關閉激(ji)勵脈(mo)(mo)沖，以(yi)便在功率(lv)輸出級沒有電(dian)(dian)流(liu)時可以(yi)切(qie)換。

六、 間隙加熱法

向間(jian)(jian)隙施加激(ji)勵脈沖，使商(shang)用(yong)電(dian)磁爐間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)加熱(re)，控制間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)加熱(re)時間(jian)(jian)間(jian)(jian)隔，調(diao)節電(dian)磁爐功率。電(dian)路簡單，但通(tong)斷時有電(dian)磁噪(zao)聲，對電(dian)源有電(dian)流(liu)沖擊(ji)。使用(yong)這種功率調(diao)節方(fang)法時，要注意電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)零(ling)時激(ji)勵脈沖的(de)關斷，否則關斷時鍋底的(de)電(dian)磁噪(zao)聲會(hui)比較大。

以上就是六種調試商用電磁(ci)爐功率的(de)方法,該(gai)設(she)備適(shi)用于餐飲行業、廠礦(kuang)院校、機關團體(ti)、軍警(jing)部(bu)隊等(deng)企事業單位的(de)廚房(fang)。

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