商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)做為新一代的(de)(de)烹飪(ren)工具，分為多種(zhong)類型的(de)(de)產(chan)品，包括(kuo)商用(yong)大(da)炒(chao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、酒店小(xiao)炒(chao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、大(da)功率煲湯爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)煮面爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)煲仔爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)腸粉爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)蒸包爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)煎(jian)扒爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)油炸爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)等廚房設備。為大(da)家介紹六種(zhong)調試商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)功率的(de)(de)方法，一起來了(le)解一下(xia)吧。

一、 變壓(ya)器初級(ji)抽頭切換、調頻、調壓(ya)法

通過切換商用電(dian)磁爐變壓(ya)器(qi)的初(chu)級抽(chou)頭(tou)獲得大、中(zhong)(zhong)、小功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)。由(you)于使用了脈沖(chong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸出變壓(ya)器(qi)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸出級與負載匹配良好。功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)級可以(yi)在良好狀態(tai)下(xia)工作。大、中(zhong)(zhong)、小檔(dang)(dang)位(wei)采用頻率(lv)(lv)跟蹤法，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)管在零電(dian)壓(ya)開關(guan)(guan)和(he)零電(dian)流(liu)開關(guan)(guan)狀態(tai)。在小檔(dang)(dang)到(dao)(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)檔(dang)(dang)、中(zhong)(zhong)檔(dang)(dang)到(dao)(dao)大檔(dang)(dang)的功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)調節(jie)范圍內，通過微調激勵(li)脈沖(chong)頻率(lv)(lv)來(lai)連(lian)續調節(jie)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)。此時功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)管工作在零電(dian)壓(ya)開關(guan)(guan)，零電(dian)流(liu)導通，接近零電(dian)流(liu)關(guan)(guan)斷狀態(tai)。在小檔(dang)(dang)位(wei)到(dao)(dao)零功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)范圍內，采用調頻方式會破壞功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)管的零電(dian)壓(ya)開關(guan)(guan)狀態(tai)。

　　這種功(gong)(gong)率(lv)調(diao)節方法相對復雜且成本高(gao)。其(qi)突出優點是功(gong)(gong)率(lv)調(diao)節范圍寬，功(gong)(gong)率(lv)輸出級(ji)與(yu)負載匹(pi)配性好，商用電磁爐在8kW功(gong)(gong)率(lv)下散熱器溫(wen)升小于6(測試于25)。

二、調頻方法

這種方法的優(you)點是電(dian)(dian)路簡單，但商用電(dian)(dian)磁爐輸出(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率大時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)流相位(wei)(wei)滯后于電(dian)(dian)壓相位(wei)(wei)，大電(dian)(dian)流狀態下關斷時(shi)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率管消耗(hao)很大。因(yin)此(ci)即使散熱器(qi)上的溫升沒有顯著(zhu)增(zeng)加，芯片也可能過熱并損壞(huai)ICBT電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)模塊。因(yin)此(ci)在8kW以上的功(gong)(gong)(gong)率時(shi)不宜(yi)采用該(gai)方法調功(gong)(gong)(gong)。

三(san)、 改(gai)變(bian)整流電壓法

將(jiang)三相整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流模塊(kuai)(kuai)改(gai)(gai)(gai)為(wei)可控(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流模塊(kuai)(kuai)，通過控(kong)制電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)0~10V的(de)可控(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流模塊(kuai)(kuai)改(gai)(gai)(gai)變(bian)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流后的(de)DC輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)來改(gai)(gai)(gai)變(bian)商用電(dian)磁爐(lu)的(de)輸出(chu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)，在(zai)額(e)定(ding)(ding)輸入(ru)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下，整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流模塊(kuai)(kuai)完全導通，獲(huo)得額(e)定(ding)(ding)大(da)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)，在(zai)非額(e)定(ding)(ding)大(da)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)下，由(you)于整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流后的(de)輸出(chu)DC電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)低(di)，功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)與電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)呈平(ping)方關(guan)系(xi)下降(jiang)。這種功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)調節方式的(de)優點是電(dian)路簡單，功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)調節連續。頻率(lv)(lv)跟蹤可以在(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)調節范(fan)圍內實(shi)現。這種電(dian)路的(de)缺(que)點是可控(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流模塊(kuai)(kuai)沒有完全導通，存在(zai)斬波間隙，對(dui)電(dian)磁兼容指(zhi)標影(ying)響很大(da)。為(wei)了通過電(dian)磁兼容指(zhi)標，對(dui)電(dian)源濾(lv)波器(qi)和(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流濾(lv)波電(dian)路的(de)要(yao)求較高(gao)，而且這部分的(de)元器(qi)件數量比較多，增加(jia)了整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)機(ji)的(de)尺寸和(he)成(cheng)本(ben)。

四、 移相調脈寬法

如果(guo)變壓器(qi)沒有(you)(you)抽(chou)頭，則它僅用(yong)(yong)于將感應線圈與(yu)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)源隔離并匹配(pei)負載。作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)T1和(he)T2為(wei)左橋(qiao)臂(bei)(bei)，T3和(he)T4為(wei)右(you)橋(qiao)臂(bei)(bei)。T1和(he)T2的(de)(de)激勵(li)脈(mo)(mo)沖被反轉，并且具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)足(zu)夠的(de)(de)死區(qu)時(shi)間(jian)來(lai)確保(bao)T1和(he)T2不產生公共導通。類似T3和(he)T4的(de)(de)激勵(li)脈(mo)(mo)沖被反轉并且具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)足(zu)夠的(de)(de)死區(qu)時(shi)間(jian)。當(dang)左右(you)橋(qiao)臂(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)激勵(li)脈(mo)(mo)沖相位(wei)差從(cong)180變為(wei)0時(shi)，商用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐(lu)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率從(cong)大值到(dao)小(xiao)值連(lian)續平滑變化(hua)，半(ban)橋(qiao)臂(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率管(guan)實現零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓切換。此外橋(qiao)臂(bei)(bei)另(ling)一半(ban)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率管(guan)實現零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流開(kai)(kai)關。實際使用(yong)(yong)移相脈(mo)(mo)寬調(diao)制法時(shi)，由于省略了補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)感，商用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐(lu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率小(xiao)時(shi)橋(qiao)臂(bei)(bei)前(qian)的(de)(de)零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓開(kai)(kai)關會錯位(wei)，所(suo)以(yi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率低時(shi)采用(yong)(yong)間(jian)隙加熱法調(diao)節功(gong)(gong)(gong)率。

移相脈寬(kuan)調制法的缺點(dian)是IGBT管中有大電流(liu)(liu)通過續(xu)流(liu)(liu)二極管，功率管的工作狀(zhuang)態不(bu)如(ru)上述變壓器抽(chou)頭法。它的優點(dian)是可以連續(xu)調節功率，省(sheng)去了三個(ge)交流(liu)(liu)接(jie)觸(chu)器。

五、 脈沖功(gong)率(lv)輸出變壓(ya)器(qi)初級抽(chou)頭(tou)切換法

控制(zhi)電路(lu)可(ke)以分(fen)(fen)別接通(tong)(tong)三個交流(liu)接觸器的常開觸點J1-1、J2-1，接通(tong)(tong)脈(mo)沖(chong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸出變壓器的一次抽(chou)頭，分(fen)(fen)別獲得大(da)、中、小(xiao)、三檔的功(gong)率(lv)(lv)。由于(yu)接觸器的存在，這種功(gong)率(lv)(lv)調(diao)節方(fang)式的機芯體(ti)積龐大(da)。小(xiao)心打開和關閉接觸器時，需要首(shou)先關閉激勵(li)脈(mo)沖(chong)，以便(bian)在功(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸出級沒有(you)電流(liu)時可(ke)以切換。

六、 間隙加熱法

向間(jian)隙施(shi)加(jia)(jia)激勵脈沖，使商用電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐間(jian)歇加(jia)(jia)熱，控制間(jian)歇加(jia)(jia)熱時間(jian)間(jian)隔，調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐功率。電(dian)(dian)路簡(jian)單(dan)，但通斷時有(you)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)噪聲，對電(dian)(dian)源有(you)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)沖擊。使用這種功率調(diao)節方法時，要注意電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為零時激勵脈沖的關(guan)斷，否則關(guan)斷時鍋底的電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)噪聲會(hui)比較大。

以上就是六(liu)種(zhong)調(diao)試商用(yong)電磁爐功率(lv)的方法,該設(she)備適用(yong)于餐飲行(xing)業(ye)、廠礦(kuang)院校、機關團(tuan)體、軍警部(bu)隊(dui)等(deng)企(qi)事業(ye)單位的廚房。

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